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Speed Up Your Keywording Using Sets
Tucked away in the keyword panel is a section called Keyword Set. There is another workflow enhancement built into Lightroom here. The sooner you get some basic keywords on an image the better off you'll be later. If you get in the habit of adding keywords early on you'll be glad you did.
If it's not expanded, click on the small triangle to open the section. Once opened you should see something like this:

Lightroom ships with a few predefined sets (Portrait Photography, Wedding Photography, Outdoor Photography). The set shown is Portrait Photography. If you click on the drop-down menu you can choose what set to use.

You can also save changes to sets and create new sets from here. But that's a topic for another post.
Each set can have up to nine keywords in it. These should be the most common keywords you use for the topic covered by the set. Lightroom allows you to quickly assign any keywords in the set using a keyboard short! Basically, hold down the Option key (ALT key on a PC) and press the number assigned to each keyword.

Now when you compare this list to your number keys it looks a bit weird! The first three numbers apply the last three keywords?If you are working on a laptop or a keyboard without a numeric keypad then, yes, the layout is awkward. However, on a numeric keypad it all makes sense. When you hold down the Option key (ALT on a PC) then the Keyword Set panel changes to this:

Makes sense now! The panel is arrayed in the same way as the numeric keypad. 1-2-3 on the bottom, 7-8-9 on the top.
Once you get used to this you can really fly through your images and add the basic keyword foundation for your shoot. Give it a try!

HI Gene,
My turn to add to your post: Alt/Option 0 cycles between the sets, allowing you fast access to more than 9 keywords quickly.
http://lightroom-blog.com/2007/08/keyword-sets.html
How many such keyword sets is it possible to define? Am I right in assuming that all you can do is to edit the existing sets rather than add new ones?
Excellent addition Sean! Thanks!
You can create as many of these sets as you like, Roger. You are not limited to the built in sets.
How do you add the numbers to the keywords?
Hi Bob. When you hold down the Option key (ALT on a PC) the numbers will appear next to the keywords.
Can you tell me how many such keyword sets is it possible to define? Am I right in assuming that all you can do is to edit the existing sets rather than add new ones?
club penguin
Hey John!
I don't know if there is a limit.
No, you can add new sets. Just start with a current set, make your changes. when done choose "Save Current Settings as New Preset..." You will then get a dialog where you can give the new set a name. The set you started out with will be unchanged. The new set will appear in the drop down menu of the keywording panel under the keyword set section.