See It, Follow It

Before our eyes and minds can “follow” something in our environment, we first must detect it. Similarly, before an AR application can “augment” something, the target object or place needs to be detected. Strictly speaking our eyes can’t detect a geo-location, but a GPS-enabled device can detect where it is relative to other points on the globe.

Since most of the world’s people, objects and places are not emitting radio signals which our mobile Internet devices can reliably detect, as was once envisioned in the early visions of RFID, other technologies are being used and new ones being developed for detection in AR applications. Further, even if there were tags on us (or other moving objects) and readers everywhere, RFID alone is insufficient to provide the six degrees of freedom necessary to correctly position a device relative to the object or point of interest. This isn’t to say that RFID has no place at all in AR, just that it is not a widely applicable tool for developers of today’s consumer AR applications.

Tracking for AR applications involves identification of one or more targets in the user’s field of vision or surroundings, then keeping track of the position of the user’s device relative to the recognized and/or selected object in three-dimensional space, and, for there to be an augmentation in the field of view, properly "registering" an overlay image or text to the real world object. The first two of these steps are closely aligned with the sequence which some types of robots need to perform when moving autonomously in an environment. They are also leveraging core ubiquitous computing technologies which are necessary in “intelligent environments,” as in spaces which exhibit Ambient Intelligence.

Tracking real world objects which are stationary (with fixed geo-location coordinates) has been achieved most widely and at relatively low cost using a mobile phone’s GPS and compass. There are many examples such as Wikitude, Layar and BionicEye. But there are situations in which GPS and compass are not the best, for example when the user is inside a building or near something which causes disturbances in the magnetic field and, in the best of circumstances, GPS and compass technology don’t provide the speed and accuracy which many AR applications require.

Let’s just take, for example, applications in which the user’s target object is not fixed in space. This challenge has been solved for years by affixing a marker, such as a QR (Quick Response) or Data matrix code on the object. For the past three or four years, markers have provided a suitable approximation for what most people designing AR applications really want: recognition of people, objects or places on the basis of their unique features, or, in the research community vernacular, “natural feature recognition.”

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Four short links: 18 May 2009

Scientists, Scammers, Satellites, and Safe Havens

1. Scientists Without Borders -- "Mobilizing Science, Improving Lives". mobilize and coordinate science-based activities that improve quality of life in the developing world. The research community, aid agencies, NGOs, public-private partnerships, and a wide variety of other institutions are already promoting areas such as global health, agricultural progress, and environmental well-being, but current communication gaps restrict their power. Organizations and individuals do not always know about one another's endeavors, needs, or availability, which limits the ability to forge meaningful connections and harness resources. This situation is especially striking in light of the growing realization that integrated rather than focused approaches are crucial for addressing key challenges such as extreme poverty and the glaring health problems that accompany it. See also Geeks Without Borders, but is there anyone running a program that sends geeks into the field where they're needed? I know a lot of open source folks who have been volunteering around the world in poor nations, but I haven't found a site that coordinates this. Can anyone point me to such a thing?
2. The Psychology of Being Scammed -- UK government report into the psychology of scammers' victims. Lots of insights into successful scams (parallels drawn to finance or startups left as exercise to reader) and some counter-intuitive findings like Scam victims often have better than average background knowledge in the area of the scam content. For example, it seems that people with experience of playing legitimate prize draws and lotteries are more likely to fall for a scam in this area than people with less knowledge and experience in this field. This also applies to those with some knowledge of investments. Such knowledge can increase rather than decrease the risk of becoming a victim. (via Mind Hacks)
3. GPS Accuracy Could Start Dropping In 2010 (Tidbits) -- the Air Force has had difficulty launching new satellites. The GAO has calculated - using reliability curves for each operational satellite - that the probability of keeping a 24-satellite constellation in orbit drops below 95 percent in 2010, and could drop as low as 80 percent in 2011 and 2012. (via geowanking)
4. Open Database Alliance -- an attempt to provide a safe home for MySQL given the Oracle acquisition of Sun. [...] a vendor-neutral consortium designed to become the industry hub for the MySQL open source database, including MySQL and derivative code, binaries, training, support, and other enhancements for the MySQL community and partner ecosystem. The Open Database Alliance will comprise a collection of companies working together to provide the software, support and services for MariaDB, an enterprise-grade, community-developed branch of MySQL.

ETech: Mobile Phones Reveal the Behaviors of Places and People

[Quinn managed to scoop me blogging about Tony Jebara's presentation! But after I chatted with her, we both agreed that I should continue with my blog post and see if I can augment her post a little.]

Tony Jebara's presentation "Mobile Phones Reveal the Behaviors of Places and People" really opened my eyes to what amazing things you can derive from large data sets. Tony co-founded Sense Networks which specializes in taking GPS and mobile phone location data and deriving as much useful information as possible from it. Sense Networks works with mobile phone service providers who collected data from users who opted in to have their data be collected and mined. All the data they receive from the service provider is GPS location data -- no personal information at all was ever made available to Sense Networks.

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